Approximately 85% of couples
attempting conception through regular unprotected intercourse will be successful
within 12-months. Infertility is defined as 1-year of regular unprotected
intercourse during which the female partner fails to become pregnant.
Infertility is one of the most common chronic health disorders in young adults.
In the United States, the prevalence of infertility has been estimated to be 15%
to 20%, affecting more than 6 million couples. The rate of infertility is
significantly higher among older as compared to younger couples.
A
specific cause of infertility can be identified in about 80% of couples.
Approximately 33% of the cases where a cause can be identified are due to female
factors alone; 33% are due to male factors alone; and another 33% are due to a
combination of both female and male factors. No specific cause can be identified
in about 20% of infertile couples, a condition known as unexplained
infertility.
The goals of treatment of female infertility are to identify
any reversible underlying causes of the infertility and to initiate appropriate
treatment to maximize reproductive potential. The decision to undergo fertility
treatment should only be reached after a thorough discussion of the available
treatments, potential outcomes (e.g., failure to conceive; multiple births),
costs, as well as the emotional and religious factors that may impact the
patient and her partner.
In general, the treatment of female infertility
depends on the underlying problem and may be grouped into the following
categories:
Ovulation disorders
Tubal occlusive disease
Endometriosis
Uterine abnormalities
Unexplained infertility (infertility without an identifiable underlying
cause)
Irrespective of the underlying cause of infertility, the
treatment with the highest pregnancy rate per cycle is in vitro fertilization
(IVF). Since this method of assistive reproduction technology was first
introduced in the late 1970s, it has gained popularity worldwide. Currently,
about 1.5% of all live births in the United States are the result of IVF.
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