Diabetes is a metabolic
disorder associated with defects in insulin
secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin is a
hormone produced by the beta cells of the islets of
Langerhans in the pancreas, and is needed to convert
sugar, starches and other food into energy needed
for daily life.
The risk of cardiovascular
disease is increased in people with diabetes. Of the
more than 200,000 Americans with diabetes who die
annually due to diabetes-related complications, most
die of coronary heart disease or other
cardiovascular conditions. Diabetes is a major cause
of blindness, kidney disease, and limb amputation in
the United States.
Although the cause of
diabetes is not known, both genetics and
environmental factors, such as obesity and lack of
exercise, appear to play roles.
Type 2
diabetes was formerly called Non-Insulin Dependent
or Adult-Onset diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the
actions and secretion of insulin are impaired, as
opposed to the absolute deficiency of insulin that
occurs in people with type 1 diabetes.
Ninety
to ninety-five percent of persons with diabetes have
Type 2; however, Type 2 diabetes is becoming
increasing common in children and adolescents, which
is thought to be due to increasing obesity and
decreasing levels of activity in these groups.
The
goal of treatment for people with diabetes is to
maximize quality and length of life by:
Providing education and training to manage
the disease and its treatment
Developing an understanding to facilitate
coping with new challenges
Controlling the risk of damage to the eye,
kidney, foot and arterial circulation
Early detection and management of any
complications of diabetes
Treatment for anyone with diabetes must include
reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease,
especially control of blood pressure, cessation of
smoking, and correction of cholesterol and lipid
abnormalities.
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