Diabetes is a metabolic
disorder associated with defects in insulin
secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin is a
hormone produced by the beta cells of the Islets of
Langerhans in the pancreas, and is needed to convert
sugar, starches and other food into energy needed
for daily life.
The risk of cardiovascular
disease is increased in people with diabetes. Of the
more than 200,000 Americans with diabetes who die
annually due to diabetes-related complications, most
die of coronary heart disease or other
cardiovascular conditions. Diabetes is a major cause
of blindness, kidney disease, and limb amputation in
the United States.
Although the cause of
diabetes is not known, both genetics and
environmental factors, such as obesity and lack of
exercise, appear to play roles.
Type 1
diabetes is an autoimmune disorder which results in
the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells
in the pancreas, usually leading to an absolute
deficiency of insulin.
It is estimated
that 5-10% of Americans who are diagnosed with
diabetes have Type 1 diabetes. Up to 800,000 persons
are estimated to have Type 1 diabetes, with about
30,000 new cases diagnosed each year in the United
States. Although type 1 diabetes usually develops
before 30 years of age, it can occur at any age. In
fact, one-third of the cases of type 1 diabetes are
diagnosed in adulthood, but diagnosis is rare after
age 45.
The goal of treatment for people
with diabetes is to maximize quality and length of
life by:
Providing education and training to manage
the disease and its treatment
Developing an understanding to facilitate
coping with new challenges
Controlling the risk of damage to the eye,
kidney, foot and arterial circulation
Early detection and management of any
complications of diabetes
Treatment for anyone with diabetes must include
reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease,
especially control of blood pressure, cessation of
smoking, and correction of cholesterol and lipid
abnormalities.
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