Normal bone is dense and strong. Bones with osteoporosis become porous because
of deterioration of the bone tissue, which leads to bone fragility and increase
in fracture risk.
Bone undergoes a process of constant remodeling
consisting of the breakdown of old bone and re-building of new bone. This
resorption (by osteoclasts) and formation (by osteoblasts) occurs at an
approximately equal rate thereby maintaining strength of the entire skeleton.
Around the ages 30-35, peak bone mass is attained and the process of
bone loss begins. The greater the bone mass accrued prior to this time, the less
chance exists for complications from bone loss later.
Osteoporosis is the
most type of bone disease and affects both men and women. The condition is
characterized by low bone mass, loss of bone architecture, and reduced bone
strength. Because people with osteoporosis have brittle bones, they are at
increased risk for developing fractures. The most common types of fractures in
people with osteoporosis include spinal vertebral fractures, hip fractures, and
wrist fractures.
There are two types of osteoporosis:
Primary osteoporosis - bone loss that occurs as a consequence of the normal
aging process and most often affects postmenopausal women.
Secondary osteoporosis - bone loss that occurs as a consequence of other
factors such as a chronic medical condition, nutritional deficiency, or certain
types of medications.
There is currently no cure for osteoporosis. The
best treatment available for osteoporosis is prevention. The goals of treatment
of patients with osteoporosis include:
To slow the progression of the disease once it has started.
To minimize the risks of complications that may cause pain and reduction in
function.
Exercise and attention to safety issues help to maximize mobility and reduce
the risk of falls and fractures.
Currently, in the United States,
several medications are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and are considered as
first-line medications. These medications include:
Biphosphonates
Raloxifene
Nasal calcitonin
Teriparatide
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